Chapter 21 - 2902 Words

* Chapter 21 Study Guide Answer Key 4. How did the rapid industrialization of warfare impact the war? It generated an array of novel weapons, including submarines, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, machine guns, and barbed wire. This new military technology contributed to the staggering casualties of the war, including some 10 million deaths; perhaps twice the number wounded, crippled, or disfigured; and countless women for whom their would be no husbands or children 5. With whom did the Ottoman Empire ally itself in WWI? Germany. (p. 981) 6. When and why did the United States join the war? The United States, after initially seeking to avoid involvement in European quarrels, joined the war in 1917 when German submarines threatened American†¦show more content†¦Nor were major European countries able to purchase those goods. Germany and Austria had to make huge reparation payments and were able to do so only with extensive U.S. loans. Britain and France, which were much indebted to the U.S., depended on those reparations to repay their loans. Furthermore, Europeans generally had recovered enough to begin producing some of their own goods, and their expanding production further reduced the demand for American products. Meanwhile, a speculative stock market frenzy had driven up stock prices to an unsustainable level. When that bubble burst in late 1929, this intricately connected and fragile economic network across the Atlantic collapsed. (p. 986) 12. What rendered other societies vulnerable to changes in the world market? As much as Europe’s worldwide empires had globalized the war, so too its economic linkages globalized the Great Depression. Countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products were especially hard-hit. Depending on a single crop or product rendered these societies vulnerable. 13. Why did the Soviet Union escape the Great Depression? The Soviet Union, a communist state whose more equal distribution of income and state-controlled economy had generated impressive growth with no unemployment in the 1930s,Show MoreRelatedChapter 213724 Words   |  15 PagesCHAPTER 21 Accounting for Leases SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES BRIEF EXERCISE 21-1 The lease does not meet the transfer of ownership test, the bargain purchase test, or the economic life test [(5 years à · 8 years) 75%]. However, it does pass the recovery of investment test. The present value of the minimum lease payments ($31,000 X 4.16986 = $129,266) is greater than 90% of the FV of the asset (90% X $138,000 = $124,200). Therefore, Callaway should classify the lease as a capital lease. Read MoreChapter 21 Solutions17195 Words   |  69 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER 21 Accounting for Leases ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY TOPIC) Topics Questions Brief   Exercises Exercises Problems Concepts for Analysis *1. Rationale for leasing. 1, 2, 4 1, 2 *2. Lessees; classification of leases; accounting by lessees. 3, 5, 7, 8, 14 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 *3. Disclosure of leases. 19 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 2, 3, 5 *4. Lessors;Read MoreChapter 21 Art1765 Words   |  8 Pages21 HUMANISM AND THE ALLURE OF ANTIQUITY FIFTEENTH-CENTURY ITALIAN ART TEXT PAGES 572-611 1. List three tenants that underlay Italian Humanism: a. b. c. 2. What fifteenth-century German invention facilitated the distribution of books and the knowledge they contained? 3. What was the basis of the wealth of the Medici family? 4. List four roles played by the arts in 15th century Italian princely courts. a. b. c. d. FLORENCE 1. Name the two finalists for the commissionRead MoreNotes Chapter 21 WWI1292 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿PART SIX THE MOST RECENT CENTURY 1914–2010 Chapter 21—The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914–1970s CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES: †¢ To examine the history of Europe between 1914 and the 1970s as an organic whole made up of closely interconnected parts †¢ To consider the repercussions of nationalism and colonialism in Europe and Japan †¢ To increase student awareness of the effects of the two world wars †¢ To help students imagine the appeal of totalitarian movements in the twentieth centuryRead MoreChapter 21 Solutions-Intermediate Accounting6910 Words   |  28 PagesCHAPTER 21 Accounting for Leases SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES EXERCISE 21-1 (15–20 minutes) (a) This is a capital lease to Adams since the lease term (5 years) is greater than 75% of the economic life (6 years) of the leased asset. The lease term is 831/3% (5 à · 6) of the asset’s economic life. (b) Computation of present value of minimum lease payments: $9,968 X 4.16986* = $41,565 *Present value of an annuity due of 1 for 5 periods at 10%. (c) 1/1/12 Leased Equipment..................................Read MoreAp World History Chapter 21 Summary2501 Words   |  11 PagesChapter 21 A. The Toltec and the Mexica 1. Toltecs emerge in the ninth and tenth centuries after the collapse of Teotihuacan a. Established large state, powerful army mid-tenth to the mid-twelfth century b. Tula was the Toltec capital city and center of trade c. Maintained close relations with societies of the Gulf coast and the Maya 2. Toltec decline after twelfth century d. Civil strife at Tula, beginning in 1125 Read MoreChapter Chapters : Hazel Depressed : Fixated On Death 845 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Log Book Chapter 1 – Hazel depressed: Fixated on death. Everything is a side-effect of dying, cancer and even depression. Attends a support group sponsored by the church. Sixteen originally thyroid cancer spread to lungs. Friends Isaac, had eye tumour with one eye removed. Meet Augustus Waters, who denies the cigarette to kill him by not lighting it. (Metaphorical resonance) Chapter 2 – Augustus reveals he lost his leg to cancer. Passed his driver’s test as another ‘cancer perk’. Hazel missedRead MorePoop996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Awakening Close Reading Discussion Questions Always reference page numbers as part of evidence for responses. Always add new vocabulary to your notes to expand your diction. Chapters 1 through 5 †¢ What observations can be made from the cover? What might be meant by â€Å"The Awakening†? †¢ What does the introductory paragraph/page introduce? Why? †¢ Are there any symbols? †¢ Character descriptions (What kind of husband/father is Mr. Pontellier? 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Alexandra believe that she is above colored people, especially Calpurnia and that Atticus shouldn’t let his children go to church her because it’s a disgrace to their family. Atticus believe that colored people deserve the same amount of respect as white people and that Calpurnia is a member of the finch family and should be treated like one

My Career As A Sex Therapist Essay - 1326 Words

I. Introduction The occupation that I have selected for my Career assignment was a Sex Therapist. I am a senior here at the University of Wisconsin La Crosse and my career goal is to become a Sex Therapist in the future. How I got interested in this occupation is that I knew that I wanted to help people in some way, so I started taking thinking and taking career quizzes. I grew up in a family that was very comfortable and open with one another that I found talking about taboo subjects does not make me comfortable and I find those taboo subjects interesting. So, I changed my major to Psychology major which will help me prepare for my field because I am going into a clinical field that deals with diagnosing people on their behavior. Studying psychology is all about the mind’s functions and how it affects behavior. In the following paragraphs I will explain in-depth of background knowledge and the educational requirements for pursuing a career as a Sex Therapist. Also, proving information about the salary, competitiveness, type of job locations, and expectations. For this assignment I interviewed Jill O’Brien who is a Physical Therapist that works at Gunderson and runs her own clinic who specializes in Pelvic Health. This is not the exact career that I want, but her a career of interest is something similar to what I will be working with future patients’ about in the future. I could not job shadow a Sex Therapist due to confidentiality reasons. These are the topics I will beShow MoreRelatedMy Career As A Sex Therapist Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesthat I have chosen for this assignment is a Sex Therapist. I am a senior at the University of Wisconsin- La Crosse and my career goal is to become a Sex Therapist, for the future. How I got interested in this occupation is that I knew that I wanted to help people in some way, but I didn’t exactly know how I was going go about that. I grew up in a family environment that talked about sex very openly. Which t oday, has made me feel comfortable taking about sex and I have found that sexual topics are interestingRead MoreNo Ordinary Education: Sex Therapist656 Words   |  3 Pageswas little, i have had the career aspirations of any other child. From ballerina to firefighter, fashion designer to chef. At one point I wanted to be a veterinarian, but when I came to the realization that I dont particularly like animals that dream slowly faded and died. When I looked back upon my previous dreams I realized one common theme, Helping people. It was from then on that I knew who I wanted to be. It all started on a Sunday morning when I was fifteen. My mom was making a spinach quicheRead MoreSexual Harassment On The Counseling Profession, And Why It Is Not Only Unethical Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagescounselor as somewhat of a â€Å"beacon in the darkness† that can take away his/her pain. This perspective creates a power of position for the counselor, and abusing this power is part of why engaging in an intimate sexual relationship is unethical. The therapist is the one who holds the power. It is his/her professional and ethical duty to set the appropriate boundaries, and then continue to enforce them. People seek mental health counseling for various reasons. Some seek help to address minor maritalRead MorePersonal Success Plan Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesof the therapist in an Academic Setting the authors describes the training model of Person-of-the –therapist (POTT) that was created to enhance the therapist’s skills in therapy. The framework of the model designed to encourage the therapists to examine themselves in four areas to define their strengths and weakness. These skills were limited to only a few institutes in the earlier practices however have expanded throughout the years. While reading this article I took the time to examine my skillsRead MoreDr. Goodfriend And Buddy1168 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Goodfriend and Buddy are high school friends. Every 6 to 9 months Dr. Goodfriend and Buddy speaks on the phone about career, family members, and there whereabouts about other classmates. One day Buddy calls Dr. Goodfriend to talk about how stressed he has been over the last month. Buddy, lost his job, having financial issues, trouble sleeping, he stops exercising, has little energy, having fleeting thoughts about hurting himself, and short tempered towards his wife and kids. Dr. Goodfriend wasRead MoreEssay about Life As An HIV/Aids Counselor1037 Words   |  5 Pageswill embrace my future clients that seek my services. Support and empowerment should be an underlying task for any counseling profession, but particularly when working with a client who has HIV/Aids. When beginning my career as a counselor, I will be faced with clients who have the diagnosis of HIV/Aids. This confrontation poses different issues for me personally and professionally that I will need to address as my career advances and I become more immersed and educated in the career. As a gay whiteRead MoreI Have Always Been An Avid Learner1567 Words   |  7 Pageslearning is the attitude towards what is being taught. Growing up, I wanted to become a dancer so I tried out for my high school dance team. I considered myself an excellent dancer, but was unable to capture the dance routine, which resulted in me giving up. Later, I tried out with the cheerleading squad where I made the team and was appointed captain. It was that moment I realized my preferred learning style. I realized that I was a step by step learner, analytical by nature. I do not anticipateRead MorePersonal Essay : My Career1982 Words   |  8 PagesMy Career in Psychology Introduction My Bachelor’s degree led me to an interesting place in my life in which I found myself sitting at a table with a vibrant and intelligent woman as she spilled her soul to me crying that she just did not know what to do. In that moment I felt the time freeze as I looked around and discovered that I was the person who she was looking to for answers. I was the person who was supposed to help her. I was a recent undergrad graduate with a major in Criminal JusticeRead MoreJewish Religion And The Jewish Culture998 Words   |  4 Pages Orthodox Jewish Population Why I choose the Jewish culture as my topic The topic I choose for my topic was the Orthodox Jewish population. I choose this topic for the reason that, I really do not know that much about the Jewish culture. With that being said I am interested in knowing how they deal with a crisis, or what their belief system is when it comes to seeking help outside of their community. My objective is to identify the barriers, institutional and personal, that must be overcome beforeRead MoreA Research Study On Forensic Psychology871 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the submission of my statement I am willing to share my personal abilities, declare my academic competence and provide motives and causes which led me to pursue a Postgraduate degree in the field of Forensic Psychology. Obtaining a PsyD in Forensic Psychology will not only provide me with more specific knowledge and research opportunities at the graduate level, but it will serve as a foundation for a career in Psychology. The reason which led me to apply for a DForPsy degree in Nottingham

Competitive Strategy Winning in Emerging Markets

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Winning in Emerging Markets. Answer: Introduction The AAA framework is a helpful tool in the process of value creation in a global environment. It is an important tool in the globalization process that is being adopted by the organization. This paper deals with the AAA framework used by one of the most renowned travel company known as TripAdvisor.com. It provides an interactive forum concerning travel and relies on the user generated content (Xie et al. 2016). The three strategies used by the company are Aggregation, Adaptation and Arbitrage. Discussion The Aggregation strategies are being used by the companies to create efficiencies at a global level. The company aims to utilize the similarities in the different geographical cultures rather than adjusting to the cultural differences (Moran Abramson and Moran 2014). The company focuses on the value proposition factor by providing valuable user reviews regarding a particular hotel or tourist destination (Moran Abramson and Moran 2014). This helps the prospective customers to make their travel decisions. The company not only considers the geographic considerations but also takes into account other factors such as administrative, geographic, cultural and economic (Xie et al. 2016). The company has centralized operations in the U.S.A which helps them to create cost advantage. The Adaptation process is used by TripAdvisor to increase its market share and increase in the revenue generation (Khanna and Palepu 2013). It customizes its services based on the requirements of the local culture. The headquarters of TripAdvisor is located at United States of America, however, it has customers from all over the world (Xie et al. 2016). It penetrates the new markets by adapting its products as well as services to match the needs of the local population (Khanna and Palepu 2013). This includes the inclusion of reviews of the local hotels and restaurants. This makes the company acceptable among the target audiences (Khanna and Palepu 2013). The process of adaptation is done by fulfilling several criteria such as focus on particular geographies or products, variation in the products, flexible design of the operations, innovative practices and externalization of the business processes (Khanna and Palepu 2013). The Arbitrage strategy is used for the creation of global value by taking into consideration the differences in the markets. The different countries in the world have unique local tradition, customs, culture and beliefs (Narayan 2013). TripAdvisor tries to leverage these factors by presenting the traditions of one country to the people in other geographical locations (Xie et al. 2016). It is important to transfer the essence of one region to other locations (in which there are sufficient demands of the particular products or services). Fig: AAA strategies Source: Created by author Conclusion TripAdvisor tries to implement all these three strategies for ensuring global success. The company focuses more on the adaptation strategy and strives to fulfill the demands of the local population. These three strategies help the company to satisfy the needs of the global audience. It also helps the company to be successful all over the world by taking into account competitive advantage. References Khanna, T. and Palepu, K., 2013.Winning in emerging markets: A road map for strategy and execution. Harvard Business Press. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Narayan, U., 2013.Dislocating cultures: Identities, traditions, and third world feminism. Routledge. Xie, K.L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Singh, A. and Lee, S.K., 2016. Effects of managerial response on consumer eWOM and hotel performance: evidence from TripAdvisor.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(9).

Solar Power II Essay Example For Students

Solar Power II Essay Solar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It is no wonder that one marvels on how such a device would function.To understand how a solar cell works, it is necessary to go back to some basic atomic concepts. In the simplest model of the atom, electrons orbit a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons. each electron carries one negative charge and each proton one positive charge. Neutrons carry no charge. Every atom has the same number of electrons as there are protons, so, on the whole, it is electrically neutral. The electrons have discrete kinetic energy levels, which increase with the orbital radius. When atoms bond together to form a solid, the electron energy levels merge into bands. In electrical conductors, these bands are continuous but in insulators and semiconductors there is an energy gap, in which no electron orbits can exist, between the inner valence band and outer conduction band . Valence electrons help to bind together the atoms in a solid by orbiting 2 adjacent nucleii, while conduction electrons, being less closely bound to the nucleii, are free to move in response to an applied voltage or electric field. The fewer conduction electrons there are, the higher the electrical resistivity of the material.In semiconductors, the materials from which solar sells are made, the energy gap Eg is fairly small. Because of this, electrons in the valence band can easily be made to jump to the conduction band by the injection of energy, either in the form of heat or light . This explains why the high resistivity of semiconductors decreases as the temperature is raised or the material illuminated. The excitation of valence electrons to the conduction band is best accomplished when the semiconductor is in the crystalline state, i.e. when the atoms are arranged in a precise geometrical formation or lattice.At room temperature and low illumination, pure or so-called intrinsic semiconductors have a high resistivity. But the resistivity can be greatly reduced by doping, i.e. introducing a very small amount of impurity, of the order of one in a million atoms. There are 2 kinds of dopant. Those which have more valence electrons that the semiconductor itself are called donors and those which have fewer are termed acceptors .In a silicon crystal, each atom has 4 valence electrons, which are shared with a neighbouring atom to form a stable tetrahedral structure. Phosphorus, which has 5 valence electrons, is a donor and causes extra electrons to appear in the conduction band. Silicon so doped is called n-type . On the other hand, boron, with a valence of 3, is an acceptor, leaving so-called holes in the lattice, which act like positive charges and render the silicon p-type. The drawings in Figure 1. 2 are 2-dimensional representations of n- and p-type silicon crystals, in which the atomic nucleii in the lattice are indicated by circles and the bonding valence electrons are shown as lines between the atoms. Holes, like electrons, will remove under the influence of an applied voltage but, as the mechanism of their movement is valence electron substitution from atom to atom, they are less mobile than the free conduction electrons .In a n-on-p crystalline silicon solar cell, a shadow junction is formed by diffusing phosphorus into a boron-based base. At the junction, conduction electrons from donor atoms in the n-region diffuse into the p-region and combine with holes in acceptor atoms, producing a layer of negatively-charged impurity atoms. .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 , .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .postImageUrl , .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 , .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:hover , .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:visited , .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:active { border:0!important; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:active , .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0 .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u023de6046d5de789efe1025a209d3cf0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Heart Of Darkness (3810 words) Essay The opposite action also takes place, holes from acceptor atoms in the p-region crossing into the n-region, combining with electrons and producing positively-charged impurity atoms . The net result of these movements is the disappearance

Although Resources Are Not The Most Important Part Of Education, There

Although resources are not the most important part of education, there are several components that help to develop an environment in which music flourishes. Like any other classroom, a music classroom should be equipped with basics such as a chalkboard and desks. The best chalkboards include sections that are lined with the lines of a musical staff. It is also desirable to have a room large enough to allow activities that include movement. It is important that the teacher has access to instruments to be used in teaching. It is standard teaching procedure that general music students learn to play the recorder in the fourth grade. In order to complete this lesson, the teacher must be able to equip each student with a quality recorder to use for the duration of the lesson. It is not favorable to share instruments because valuable time is wasted in changing mouthpieces and sanitizing the recorder. Orff methodology, a popular technique for teaching music to children, is based on the use of "Orff instruments." These instruments are typically types of barred percussion instruments like the xylophone. This methodology is highly effective because it produces quick results, but the classroom must be equipped with the appropriate Orff instruments in order for the exercises to be successful. In recent years, technological advances have made it easier for young music students to create their own compositions using Orff methodology and computer notation software such as "Encore." With the resources provided by a classroom computer, students are able to create a melody using a MIDI keyboard and the notation software will translate the melody into sheet music. An ideal learning environment includes all of these elements. The spacious classroom pictured has a variety of instruments including a full family of recorders (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass) as well as a variety of Orff instruments. The classroom computer and MIDI keyboard create a "composition corner" in which the students can create their own songs. The teacher is able to share these works off the computer with the class with the use of a LCD panel. This classroom is an environment in which the students have every opportunity to learn about music in a "hands-on" type fashion.

Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich Essays

Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich Essays Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich Paper Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich Paper There are include, all new and remodeled stores are now using energy efficient lighting saving electricity as well as low flow water faucets saving an estimated 182. 1 million gallons of water annually and todays the majority of the packaging used in subway restaurant is made with recycled content and 100% can be recycled or composted. Besides, subways are in the process of moving to these packaging specifications globally. Nowadays there are 14 Subway Echo Restaurant are available and operating. These are the stores that built and designed to be more energy efficient, conserve water and reduce asset. Subway is trying to provide their franchise by having the best solutions to help them get improved on their operations focusing on energy efficiency, resource conservation, waste reduction and food safety. Energy Efficiency is design and the nature of our product offering our operations are fairly energy efficient but as energy costs continue to raise it is important to improve the energy efficiency of our restaurants. Lighting and electronic signage are the most important components of the restaurants and are the big users of energy in the store. Over the past few years, they have been improving their energy efficiency by shifted all new and remodeled restaurants to high efficiency lighting and made LED exterior signage optional in 2008 and then they are began to transition to LED lighting for sandwich units. Subway is in the process of piloting the use of additional energy saving equipment, features and processes such as LED interior lighting. So on water conservation, many regions around the world are beginning to experience varying degrees of water stress due to increases in population, weather tatter changes or adequate water management infrastructure that can result in inadequate supply of safe drinking water. For many years, recycling and composting bins have been available for franchisers for aiming to recycle compost. Subway restaurants are required to maintain a litter free environment and we encourage our customers to recycle. Subway are worked with their suppliers to optimize how our products are packaged to reduce waste streams for breads, meats, cheeses, sauces, produce, paper products and cleaning products used in our restaurants. For example, the sauces and most of the tuna are now in film pouches which require less energy to package and transport and remove 6 million pounds of corrugate from our waste stream annually. By removing the paper interline between our sliced cheeses, an additional 450,000 pounds of paper has been removed from our waste stream annually. In today, franchisees have the option to portion some ingredients using a scoop. This process eliminates the need to pre-proportions in food trays and removes additional packaging from our waste stream annually. Furthermore packaging the packaging goal is to only using the packaging that can be able to recycled or composted where facilities exists. The Subway restaurant franchisees have the option to serve their dine- in guests with a reuse able basket lined with deli paper or lined tray. This will be the approach minimizes the associated waste stream and improves the meal presentation. However, the franchisees conform to all the local legislation and having the recyclable paper bags that made with 100% recycled paper or reuse able bags are available for those areas that restrict or an plastic bag usage. In additional, the echo-restaurants are Subway franchisees are entrepreneurs and they are many visionaries dedicated to supporting their communities and the environment. In fact, Some have built ECHO-Restaurants designed to conserve resources during the development process and set the stage for efficient operations in the future. Technological environment The food safety and food quality are the top priority for Subway. The goal for Subway is to serve food that is consistently the highest quality of meats and feet standards from all the time when it is put into a sandwich or salad. To ensure that the food that been serve is always fresh and sustainable produced they have well as stringent audit process that they will be enforce throughout their supply chain as well as require ire that their suppliers employment practices meet their Vendor Code of Conduct. By giving the high standards for food safety to ensure that the entire Subway customer will getting the quality from the Subway brand. It starts with setting detail product pacifications followed by the inspection of samples that pulled from the distribution to ensure that specifications are being met. The Subway brand Office of Food Safety and Quality Enhancement team will review all the Subway food safety and quality programs and might giving recommendation for improvement if its needed. This team will be works together with the vendors to achieve the subway food safety and the quality improvement goals. Food safety is one of the main important roles in the Subway restaurant. Sandwich Artists are required to always follow the strict hand gashing procedures and proper glove usage for all food handling processes.

Starbucks Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Starbucks Marketing Strategy - Essay Example When the company was established, it began as a lone store in the famous Pike Place Market in Seattle. During those days, the company offered some finest fresh-roasted bean coffees worldwide. Consequently, the Starbucks was considered to be the best coffee company since it did not only brought the feeling of connection but also celebrated coffee. Starbucks company has a team of leadership that ensures that all goes well in the company. The company has a chairman, Howard Schultz. He is also the chief executive officer of the company. Adam Brotman is the chief digital officer while Michael Conways serves as the president of the Starbucks Global Channel Development. Also, the company has an executive vice president of Starbucks Global Chanel Development. Other key leaders in the company include Jeff Hansberry, president of Evolution Fresh, Lucy Lee, the executive vice president, general counsel and secretary, executive vice president and chief partner (human) resources officer, Scott Pitasky and Sharon. There are many more people holding different leadership positions in the company to ensure that the company runs smoothly without anything that would encourage its downfall. Most of the leaders are trained and equipped for their positions. One of the greatest challenges of the company is climate change. It is important to know that almost a half of the coffee in the whole world is produced in accordance to the sustainability standard though on only 12 percent of the world coffee is sold in the market as a sustainable. Therefore, there is a need that the coffee company should have its definition of sustainability. However, for this to be established, there is a need that the company should be committed to facilitating the increasing demand for sustainability.

FINAL EAM HIS. 101 #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FINAL EAM HIS. 101 #2 - Essay Example Plague is also associated with the swelling of the lymph nodes. Plague is a deadly diseases. It resulted in extraordinary cases of mortality in Europe. Because of this, the emergence of plague brought about demographic, economic, and psychological effects. As far as demographic effects id concerned, the Black Death resulted in massive loss of people. The sources claims those two years following the emergence of plague, approximately one of every three people was dead. Furthermore, the findings state that the plague affected both the professionals and the common people. For examples the findings that were collected regarding the loss, soul states that professions suffered higher mortality. The most affected professions were those that tried t control or diagnose the disease. These include the doctors and the clergy. The findings states that approximately two of nine physicians only survived. The plague greatly reduces the productive generation both in the countryside and in the cities. Additionally, the condition did not left behind the university students and the professors. The source has that the whole community of elites suffered. It further states that the condition lead to the closure of the universities and schools located in re gions hardest hit by the disease. This greatly affects the demographic characteristic of the Europe. As far as the economy is concerned, the documented sources states that the plague disrupted the financial business to a greater extend. It lead to the death of debtors and hence forcing the creditors and the money lending institution to remain without recourse. The development of infrastructure was also affected due to loss of artisans. The losses of skilled personnel lead to collapse of mills and other special machinery. The loss of massive population also lead to labor shortages, which, in turn, resulted into negative repercussion such as increase in ages as well as decrease in the prices of goods. This

Shells international business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shells international business - Research Paper Example Even though there are many energy sources, oil seems to be the most popular energy source in the world even now. It is often said that the economic growth of a country depends on its ability to produce or import oil resources at the cheaper rate. This is because of the fact that the majority of the industrial equipment and automobiles in the world are using oil as the fuel. Global economic growth is linked to oil prices. Any fluctuations in oil prices may create immense economic changes as well as changes in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, unemployment and inflation rates in the world. For example, the 1973 -1975 oil price hike has shocked the world economy. The growth rate fell to 2.1% in 1974 and to 1.45 in 1975. The worldwide trade growth rate also dropped heavily from 12% in 1973 to -5.4% in 1974 and -7.3 in 1975. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has dropped from 40% in 1973 to half of it in 1974 (Oil prices and the global economy, n. d). According to a study by IMF Research Department (2000), â€Å"there will be a transfer of income from oil consumers to oil producers; there will be a rise in the cost of production of goods and services in the economy†. In short, oil seems to be an essential commodity required for global economic growth. In the oil business, the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies needs no introduction in the global market. They are one of the largest global group of energy and petrochemicals companies with around 92000 employees in more than 70 countries and territories.

Relationship Between Insomnia And Depression Psychology Essay

Relationship Between Insomnia And Depression Psychology Essay Nowadays, insomnia is the most widespread sleeping disorder of this century. Being one of the most common sleep disorders, insomnia can be defined as inability to maintain a good sleep hygiene. According to epidemiological studies, atleast one third of the general population suffer from sleep troubles and among this, the incidence rate of insomnia is around 6% to 10% (Daley et al. 2009). Insomnia can be viewed as either being a symptom or a syndrome; the term secondary effect or symptom can be applied in cases set off by psychiatric afflictions, diseases, intake of illicit drugs or excess of alcohol and even an aggregate of all these factors coupled with stress, anxiety or depression (Sivertsen et al. 2009). Insomnia can be evaluated using the Insomnia severity index (ISI) which based on the patients providing an assessment of the intensity of their symptoms (Bastien et al, 2001). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which makes use of questionnaires is a practical way to assess the sleep quality along with the troubles causing it over a certain period of time (Backhaus 2002). Insomnia is regularly linked to psychiatric disturbances such as depression. Some researches show that depression is the factor that causes insomnia while others disagree by stating that in fact, insomniacs are more prone to develop depression (Isaac Greenwood 2011). Depression can be investigated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). This literature review will be focused on defining the different types of insomnia and whether or not they are caused by depression. The flow of the bidirectional relationship between insomnia and depression will also be presented to determine which one of these two is a risk factor. Insomnia caused by depression Types of insomnia Primary Insomnia Primary insomnia (PI) is the repetitive inability to commence or uphold sleep and this excludes any natural or psychotic disturbances (Backhaus 2002). This has an impact on the quality of life of the patient causing distress and unfitness both socially and physically. Woods et al. 2008 reports that PI occurs in atleast 3% of the population in the western developed nations. According to a study conducted in the general population by Morin et al. (2006), people complaining of dissatisfaction in their sleep are more like to be developing insomnia symptoms compared to those have an appeasing and pleasant sleep. Some of the symptoms that might qualify a person as being insomniacs are: difficulty to fall asleep, have trouble in upholding sleep, waking up early in the morning or have a non-regenerative sleep; these symptoms can either appear individually or in combination with one another as shown in studies by Leger et al. (2010). PI does not occur due to any other particular health condit ions. It is independent of other factors. Secondary Insomnia As defined by the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), secondary insomnia can be linked to mental disturbances, trouble to sleep owing to a medical state or stimulation by a substance. Secondary insomnia is one which is related to another mental disturbance whereby one of the chief grievances is based on the inability of start or maintains a proper sleep and that the sleep even of it is initiated is not rejuvenating at all and this spans for over a period of atleast one month. It occurs in close collaboration with other psychiatric and medical conditions whereby clinical depression is one of the main concern, this state is considered as a causative agent for insomnia. Transient or Acute Insomnia Insomnia can be classifies as being transient or acute is the delay of sleep disturbance expand over a period of less than a few nights or not more than three to four weeks (Fetveit et al. 2008). This type of insomnia is more likely to occur in people who have no previous history of sleep disorders but who have been exposed to some distinctive cause such as caffeine intake, nicotine or any other medications. Chronic Insomnia Chronic insomnia can be interpreted in two different ways; either as a syndrome as a whole similar to PI or as being the consequence arising from a medical ailment such as secondary insomnia or mental imbalance such as major depression, anxiety or by overdose of drugs and alcohol (de Sainte Hilaire et al. 2005). In relation to Fetveit et al. (2008), primary insomnia caters for around 25% of all the cases of chronic insomnia. 2.2 The Mechanism of how Depression causes Insomnia Depression is a factor that triggers insomnia by causing imbalance or deficiency in terms of serotonin which is monoamine neurotransmitter. These particular serotonergic activies govern the sleep regulation. According to studies conducted in vivo by Joensuu et al. (2007), the availability of the serotonin transporter (SERT) changes at different stages of depression and this can be proved by using a technique known as SPECT (Single proton emission tomography). This decline in terms of SERT which is due to depression is mostly localised in the diencephalon in the mid part of the brain (Joensuu et al. 2007). This decline in terms of serotonin level negatively influences the sleep patterns since the serotonin is key constituent affecting both the sleep phases and mood (Buckley Schatzberg 2010). The hypersecretion of cortisol along with ACTH is an indicator of insomnia. Changes made to the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis along with the mode of action of the hormone that predict s the start of sleep triggers the onset of depression. The hormone melatonin keeps the circadian rhythm of the body constant. Some studies show that depression causes the level of melatonin to drop which in turn causes a domino effect on the serotonin level. In people with major depressive syndromes, the concentration of cortisol is much higher than that of melatonin (Buckley Schatzberg 2010) as shown in the graphs below which highlights the relationship between the level cortisol and melatonin. Fig. 2 shows the phase relationship between cortisol and melatonin for healthy control compared to the one suffering from mental disorder (Buckley Schatzberg 2010). Yet, there are still other numerous neurobiological mechanisms like the deficiency of the monoamine neurotransmitters, excessive activity in the HPA axis, the faulty action of the gene related to plasticity and circadian genes mutation that can give an explanation on the irregularity in terms of sleep patterns in depressive patients (Benca Peterson, 2008). This diagnosis of sleeping troubles using only polysomnography is not reliable and must be supported by functional imaging or EEG activity patterns to define the correlation between the behavioral and experimental observations (Benca Peterson 2008). The bidirectional flow of the relationship between insomnia and depression Depression causes insomnia In those people who suffer from MDD, one of their major grievances is insomnia. In the adult population, around 60% of them that fits the criteria defining MDD whine about insomnia and an average of 10% to 20% of the insomniacs show signs of MDD (Fava et al. 2006). Using multiple variances, the mean values mean response for two particular groups (insomniacs with or without symptoms of depression) responses pertaining t to BDI-II were analyzed. From the total score derived from the BDI-II, it was seen that depressed plus insomniac participants attained much higher grades on the total score scale in contrast to those with solely insomnia. A feature that highlights depression is the shift in the sleep pattern that leading to insomnia and other disturbances. Among 90% of the depressive patients are insomniacs as well according to a study by Fava et al. (2006), this clearly emphasize on the co-existence of depression and insomnia. Insomnia triggers depression Though not the only one, insomnia is regarded as being the main factor that has an impact on depression. Studies conducted by Pigeon et al. (2008), patients with insomnia are more likely to become depressed and remain so. From the cohort study obtained from health surveys of the HUNT-2 by Neckelmann et al. (2007), the relationship between insomnia and depression is simply based on their resemblance to one another. This defines insomnia as a state marker for depression. As established by Taylor et al. (2005) with BDI and sleep diaries to support the research, the probability of insomniacs developing depression was 9.82 times more than people without insomnia as presented by the table 1. Further, this same study states that the depression score for patients with combined insomnia is much higher compared to other studies. Table 1. Prevalence Rates expressed using the Beck Depression Inventory Score to relate insomnia and depression (Taylor et al. 2005). From the direct analysis of figure 3 below that 4 out of the 5 different depression statuses prevail from persistent insomnia while more than 50% of the sample did not remit or have an improvement from the condition (Pigeon et al. 2008). This proves that insomnia (persistent or intermediate) does have a significant impact on the number of people with improved condition. All these facts boil down to the fact that insomnia is certainly a major risk factor for depression. Fig. 3 highlights the relationship of insomnia and how it is a risk factor for depression (Pigeon et al. 2008) Discussion Different types of insomnia react differently when exposed to other factors such as MDD for example it does not in any way cause primary insomnia however in cases of secondary insomnia, it is considered as being the most crucial factors based on studies related to DSM. This study did not really determine whether a correlation exists between insomnia and depression since they have common symptoms, yet the use of BD1-II did perceive the symptoms of depression in insomniacs. The PSQI has a high sensitivity and specificity for insomnia patients in comparison to healthy controls, thus underscoring that it is a good measure for differentiating between good sleepers and patients suffering from sleep disturbances. Our data suggest, however, that the cut-off score should be set to 6 in order to maximize specificity while only modestly reducing sensitivity. In sum, the PSQI proved to be a valuable adjunct to clinical work on insomnia and is a useful first-line, easy-to-handle, and time-efficient questionnaire to evaluate sleep disturbances. Conclusion

Sensual Meditation in the world today. :: essays research papers

Happiness is our natural state Humans were designed to be happy, creative and in harmony with the universe at all times. Just like a flower which automatically thrives and blossoms given the right conditions, so does human happiness and consciousness. If the conditions are right, everyone would be in a permanent state of natural ecstasy, living in the here-and-now. Fear switches off higher consciousness and turns us into obedient malleable citizens But we are not quite in such a paradise yet, unfortunately the world is only just emerging from millennia's of bigotry, state brutality, religious and paramilitary intolerance, famine, disease and pain, where our fragile existence could at any moment be destroyed by the ravages of invading hoards, or the sadistic whims of greedy landlords, ignoble dictators and corrupt governments. All this pain numbs our senses, generation after generation, and forces our mind and body to remain in a sort of biological emergency mode just for survival. In order to escape from possible danger, the brain has to mobilise all its forces to fight or flee, which for the sake of energy management, switches off the higher centers of consciousness, and leaves us in a state of anxious numbness. If the state of fear is prolonged, this turns to despair or frustration, which lead to increased aggression, be it directed towards oneself as in suicide, or towards others as in public violence. This does not justify terrorism, but it does illustrate that the solution for such desperate acts of violence is not to respond with knee-jerk declarations of war and bully people into submission through organised brutality, but rather to remove the root causes of suffering by providing love and hope. Don't be fooled by the jingoistic calls to fight by anyone, not only because fighting is part of the problem, but also because this call to arms is always a cynical means for a corrupt authority to maintain its dominance. By carefully cultivating an atmosphere of fear, they are maintaining your brain in a constant state of mental emergency, which very conveniently switches off your higher brain centers and makes you more malleable to their suggestions. Wake up! Don't let yourself be taken in. Governments and religious institutions don't have your interest at heart, they are just fronts to make money and maintain power, the puppets of economic giants acting behind the scenes. They lie behind their smiles and benedictions before the elections but behind your back they are laughing all the way to the bank.

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical engineering is the study of medical systems and the products used to treat patients. This is used in hospitals and labs by bioreactors. Scientists use this type of engineering to develop fake skin cells for people who have been in a fire, had a deep cut, or a amputation. To maximize the chance of a safe, clean, and bacteria-free cut. Scientists have made a pair of socks that control and monitor diabetic feet and prevent amputations for the patient. It helps cleanse the wound and alcohol is placed in the sock. Fake human tissue is made in labs and some people have it to cover up burns or deep wounds. This fake tissue is 3D printed and it replicates someone's cells and produces them. This replaces stem cells in the body and also helps the body heal faster and more properly. Patients who have had a side of their body burned have to stay in the hospital for up to six months sometimes even longer depends on the degree of the burn. he fake skin was made for people to help them heal faster and it has saved people from getting amputations. This synthetic skins breaths, operates blood flow and heals just like normal skin. They are made out of salt water and organic fibers, some prosthetics even have this synthetic skin on them to blend in with someone like it's their real arm. This skin helps in research as well, scientists inject diseases into it to see the reactions to tell if it's safe for humans. It can replace tumor cells once its out, the skin can be placed in the spot to help heal. Regulating protein count and fibers in the body and seeks signs of cancer. Artificial organs are being made in labs to help people who will die without a transplant and who doesn't have time to wait on doctors to find a doner. Organs-on-a-chip are used to test drugs and help researchers understand how the organ works. The tubes have a vacuum chamber which goes inside the organ and stretches the membrane and expands which can collect up to 50,000 cells. These organs are man-made and people who need transplants can go with the artificial organs instead of waiting for the plane to get there. It's used to pump blood through the body to keep all the cells alive, it decreases the impeller axis shift to help blood flow to the brain. If the organs takes too long, it can lead to infections then it will most likely spread throughout the body to other organs. The other organs would need a transplant as well unless the proper treatment is available at the time. Prosthetics are being made more efficient than ever. Biomedical engineers have made many life enhancing technologies for people who don't have their limbs anymore. There are more prosthetics a than arms and legs, there are fingers, racing blade leg, and even eyes. Approximately 1,000,000 people are deaf in the United States. There are now ears made out of the fake tissue cells and natural rubber that matches the patient's skin tone. They look just like a real ear and it has a hearing aid in the center of it to help the patient hear. It helps as a appearance and aesthetics just like a fake eye, it's hard to tell that the ear is fake. Implants are available as well, the prosthetic is made from a silicone mold of the patient's ear to fit them just right. A very small amount of spirit gum is applied at the base and the middle of the ear to get it to stay attached to the patients face. Farmers use pesticides to keep bugs and animals away that might eat their crops. If an animal eats a part of the crops then the farmer just lost that profit. Farmers want to do everything they can to keep their crops from bugs. Some pesticides are illegal in the U.S, they are toxic and sometimes they can release toxic fumes into the air that we breathe. Pesticides do more than harm pests, they can be dangerous for the human who consumes them. The symptoms of pesticides are nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, headaches, dizziness, and even death if the poison is in your bloodstream for too long. They also damage the richness of the soil, so by farmers using pesticides on their crops they are hurting their sales in the long run. The soil will lose its nutrients from the poisoning and then water erosion happens which washes away the soil particles making it just plain dirt. Adding more soil to the dirt will not help out the nutrients, it can't compensate for the loss of nutrients in the topsoil. Farmers using GMOs to help their farm animals grow larger so they can sell more product is not illegal. Many farmers use them and GMOs allow them to place unnatural chemicals that make the food taste better so consumers will buy more of their product. Farmers are altering genetic material to produce artificial organisms. GMOs can be used in plants just like animals, in plants it helps them grow faster to produce more to sell. It helps the food the plants make taste better by altering its DNA. The DNA is extracted from sweet alyssum which plant grows the fastest. Scientist take that trait and create GMOs for their plants so they can grow faster. GMOs aren't dangerous to humans unless there are pesticides used on the plants to keep the bugs away. Scientists cross-breed these organisms in labs with bacteria and virus genes. A bonus to genetically altered food is longer shelf life, they are better for the consumer, and it takes less land to grow more food. Biomedical technology helps scientists find cure for diseases like smallpox, rinderpest, polio, yaws, and malaria. Biomedical engineering helps scientists understand how to cure diseases and create a cure for a disease unknown to mankind faster. Biomedical engineers are now closer than ever before to finding a cure for cancer, reporters say it will take about another five to ten years before they actually finish and perfect the cure. They are trying to use heat radiation to kill the cancerous cell through the body without Chemo or an incision. Another widespread disease that affected a lot of people across the world is malaria. Malaria is a plasmodium parasite transmitted by the bit of a mosquito. This disease started from Sub-Saharan countries in Africa, its hot there so the bugs are abundant. Mosquitos traveled from that area to all across the world carrying the disease. The cure was developed by Charles Louis Lavern on November 6, 1880. Back then, there wasn't many cures for disease just medicine to help control it. That was a long time ago and thanks to biomedical engineering, scientists can develop cures much faster and efficient such as someone taken the cure will most likely never get that disease again. Biomedical engineering helps healthcare. It produces more accurate equipment used in hospitals and on animals. Healthcare is so much more advanced now than it used to be, when babies or animals get their shots there didn't used to be any back then. They would just have to go without them and that's why disease was so rapidly growing, because there wasn't many cures but now everything is different. Even simple procedures like getting a cut or a burn required special attention and days of preparation to get better. Now they just give out stitches and anti-bacterial cream to clean it. All of us as a nation have came so far and within time, scientists will discover more and more treatments and cures. There are cures now using antimicrobials to kill microorganisms to stop their growth and to stop the spreading throughout the body. They are injecting good organisms into the body to kill off bad organisms that make someone sick. The earliest type of microorganisms were Penicillin, Salvarsan, and Prontosil and they were one of the biggest scientific advantages of all time. This was a new level of medical care, Pharmacists could only progress and discover more medicines. There are now antimicrobials in hand soaps and Hand Sanitizers which is available on the go. Agents such as bacteria, mildew, and mold that are used to make the organisms in the medicine. The helpful microbes come into contact with the surface and penetrate the cell blocking the harmful microbe to kill off and to limit the cell from growing and spreading from another part of the body. Anti Microorganisms work in the way similar of insecticides and fungicides because of how they disinfect, sanitize, and protect against infections. Peptidoglycan layers act as a spine to a cell and it allows in nutrients to enter the cell like acids and sugars. Vitamins can not enter the cell so the bacteria trapped in the cell must make its own. Cell manipulation is alter genetic human cells

Raul Leoni Essays - Third Portuguese Republic, Miguel Vargas

Raul Leoni Essays - Third Portuguese Republic, Miguel Vargas Raul Leoni Ral Leoni naci en Utapa (estado Bolvar), en 1905 y muri en Nueva York en 1972. Ral Leoni fue abogado y poltico venezolano, fue electo presidente de la Repblica de Venezuela en 1964 hasta 1969. A los 16 aos estuvo preso en la crcel de Rotunda por participar en la lucha estudiantil. Curs sus estudios de derecho en la Universidad Central donde alcanz la presidencia de la Federacin de Estudiantes de Venezuela y encabez las protestas de 1928 contra e rgimen de Juan Vicente Gmez, por sta razn tuvo que irse en 1928 de Venezuela a Colombia para un largo exilio, hasta 1936. Una vez muerto Gmez, regres Leoni a Venezuela, participando desde su llagada en las actividades de los sectores polticos de izquierda. En 1937 fue expulsado del pas junto a otros dirigentes polticos. Se dirigi a Colombia, donde continu sus estudios hasta graduarse en Derecho y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad de Bogot. En Junio de 1939 regres a Venezuela para incorporarse a la actividad clandestina del Partido Democrtic o Nacional (PDN). En 1941 particip en la fundacin del partido centrista Accin Democrtica, liderado por Rmulo Betancourt. Tras la revolucin de 1945 que derroc a Isaas Medina Angarita, a Leoni fue ministro de trabajo durante el gobierno de Rmulo Gallegos desde 1945 hasta 1948. En 1948 tuvo que exiliarse de nuevo por el golpe militar que derroc a Rmulo Gallegos y no pudo volver hasta que termin la dictadura de Marcos Prez Jimnez en 1958. El 1 de Diciembre de ese 1963 fue elegido presidente de la Repblica e inici su mandato en Marzo de 1964, continuando con la poltica econmica y social de su predecesor y maestro Rmulo Betancourt. Durante su gobierno tuvo que hacer frente a la intensificacin de la actividad guerrillera del FALN (Fuerzas Armadas de Liberacin Nacional), por lo que firm con el presidente colombiano Guillermo Len Valencia el pacto antiguerrillero de Ro Arauca en el ao 1966. Al siguiente ao en 1967 tuvo que suspender las garantas constitucionales y su partido sufri una divisi n que dio origen a un nuevo partido llamado MEP (Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo). En las elecciones de 1968, el candidato de su partido, Gonzalo Barrios, fue derrotado. En 1969 Ral Leoni traspas su poder al presidente electo Rafael Caldera.

Second-Grade Goals for Students After the New Year

Second-Grade Goals for Students After the New Year In order to hit developmental benchmarks, it helps to have parents on your side. These are a few second-grade goals for students to complete after the new year. Share them with parents during conferences so they will have a rough idea of the expectations you have for their child. All children learn differently and are not alike, but it helps to have a few general goals listing which skills students will need to know by the end of the school year. Goals to share with parents should include a focus on reading, math, writing, and what to work on at home. Reading Goals Second-grade students should be able to recognize words as chunks, not just individual letters. For example when looking at the word cheat, the second-grade student should be able to recognize the word eat. Other reading goals include: Increase reading fluency and expression.Use punctuation appropriately.Identify an increasing number of words by sight.Be able to identify the speaker in a story.Retell a story by providing details. Students should also be able to use graphic organizers- visual and graphic displays that organize ideas and demonstrate relationships between different information and concepts- to show an understanding of story elements such as the main character, plot, main idea, supporting details, setting, solution, and theme. Additionally, second-grade students need to strengthen their comprehension skills when reading independently.  They should  be able to identify the main idea in the story as well as locate supporting details, infer, and be able to answer text-specific questions. (This is now a part of the  common core.) Math Goals Second-grade students must able to simplify word problems and directions when needed. They need to have the ability to take their time and work through a problem until it is completed properly. Other math goals include: Recite 25 math facts in one minute.Understand math vocabulary and recognize it. For example, they must be able to recognize what the question is asking, such as: What is place value?Use appropriate tools to strategically to solve a problem.Mentally calculate sums and differences for numbers with only tens or hundreds.Develop a foundation for understanding area and volume.Be able to represent and interpret data. Additionally, second-grade students should extend their understanding of the base-10  system. Writing Goals By the end of second grade, students must be able to capitalize and punctuate correctly and use punctuation to add effect to their writing. Second-graders should also be able to: Provide a strong beginning that will grab the readers attention.Create an ending that will show that their writing piece is finished.Use strategies to plan writing, such as brainstorming and using graphic organizers.Show their personality through their writing.Use a dictionary to self-correct during the drafting phase.Add details to support the main idea. Additionally, students should begin to use transition words in their writing to construct logical order, such as first, second, and third, or next and finally. At Home Goals Learning does not end in the classroom. While at home, students should: Practice math facts- three to five facts at a time- each night or at least five times a week.Study spelling patterns and practice spelling words in a variety of ways besides memorization.Read independently for at least 10 to 15 minutes each night.Have plenty of age-appropriate books available to help them develop vocabulary skills.Work with their parents to develop study skills that will last a lifetime. Even at home, children should use punctuation correctly and write in complete sentences in letters, shopping lists, and other writing.

Picassos Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Picassos Work - Essay Example In having such notable skills at such a tender age, Picasso decided to drop out of school and follow a career in art and painting. In having a natural talent and gift in art, Picasso managed to experiment and come up with unimaginable work of arts at that time. He and his friend Georges Braque founded the well known abstract movement known also as the cubism. As an artist, his style became diverse with his ideologies, explicable and experimental techniques and through his different theories. Picasso was a man full of imagination and possibilities as displayed from his art work. Apart from being an artist, he was also a thinker likened to people like Albert Einstein. Living in a culture that obeyed tradition, he managed to disobey it and followed his wishes. He defied the formal rules of art to explore and master realistic painting at a tender age. This made so unpredictable with his art and designs. When young, Picasso’s painting majorly revolved around cubism and sex. In fact , there are a lot of nude art work of which he demonstrates how the body of a woman could display a lot. Through his mindset, he did a brilliant sculpture work and graphic art forms in stage design, ceramics and mosaics. To this present day, his art and work are in museums and in personal collections all around the universe. As a teenager, he did his first painting in cubism known as the ladies of Avignon. Picasso loved displaying some of his art through painting entailing the nature of a woman’s body.

Statistical Analysis in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Statistical Analysis in Nursing - Essay Example 2.Non parametric tests like Chi square tests and Fischer’s test (as used in this study) are used when the sample size is small and does not represent the population in totality and also when the variables are ordinal, nominal and discrete variables( variables which cannot be measured and even if measured cannot be extrapolated to decimal places). Chi square value evaluates the association or independence between the two variables. If the probability value (p value) for null hypothesis for a particular value of chi square exceeds the critical chi square value then it is inferred that the two variables are not independent and the two variables are significantly associated with each other. ... ean importance values for each factor for the group of 21 nurses studied which were likely to influence decision making patterns were- future health status, 39%; family input, 19%; person's age, 13%; extra cost to agency, 12%; functional status, 10%; and mental competence, 6%. There were three other decision-making patterns, each exhibited by one nurse: One nurse relied heavily on mental competence (43%) and person's age (52%), another emphasized mental competence (43%) and functional status (29%), and the third used extra cost to agency (66%) supplemented by person's age (18%) for treatment of ID. Nurse's work site, age, education, and years of experience did not discriminate among these decision making patterns in this small pilot study sample.(These factors were not associated or correlated with decision making ) 3. Parametric tests like Student’s t test and ANOVA wee not suitable for this study as because the variables in question were not quantitative variables(measuremen t variables) and also because the sample size was too small. 4. The strengths of the study was rather than a prescriptive or normative perspective on decision making the method revealed how actually a decision making happens in a real life simulated situation. The measurements were appropriate in relation to chi square, Pearson’s r and Fischer’s test considering small and non-representative sample of the total population. The study design included all the appropriate variables that could have affected decision making process. The limitations were the sample size which needed to be more to have a correct extrapolation to the ID population treated at the ED on totality. Real-world decision making may depart from what was found in this study because simulation provides only an approximation of

Mental Disorder and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Mental Disorder and crime - Essay Example If they are too broad they may result in unnecessary intervention’ (Wilson, 1995 as quoted in Healthcare Education Services, 2006). This quote from Wilson suggests the complications that mental health carers and the courts have when they attempt to apply a definition to mental illness. There is a distinction made between mental health and mental disorder. According to Healthcare Education Services (2006) mental health and mental illness have often been used interchangeably as 'mental health refers to thoughts, feelings, and actions of the individual, all aspects of life, including social, physical, spiritual and emotional, affect it' (p. 6). The term mental disorder implies that he person has a mental illness and also has some sort of disability and has often been used as a legal definition for a variety of mental illnesses. The Department of Health (2004) defines mental disorder as ‘an impairment of, or a disturbance in, the functioning of the mind or brain resulting fr om any disability or disorder of the mind or brain’ (p.3). This definition was refined from the original bill that was drafted in 1983 and said that mental disorder was, ‘†¦mental disorder means mental illness, arrested or incomplete development of mind, psychopathic disorder and any other disorder or disability of the mind’ (as quoted in Healthcare Education Services, 2006, p. 7). ... This definition will cover a variety of mental disorders and it can be relevant to the individual's fitness to plead guilty or not guilty, their sentencing or disposal, or the decision for the prosecutor to divert the sentence or prosecute the individual (The Crown Prosecution Service, 2010). This is the definition will be the one used for this paper because it is the one that comes from the courts. Definition of Crime The definition of crime is complex because its definition will relate to the individual's offense. Sammon (n.d.) states that the word crime is difficult to define because it covers a variety of acts that have nothing in common necessarily except that they are punishable by law if they are carried out by an individual. The easiest definition comes from the Oxford Dictionary (2011) which describes crime as a noun and defines it as 'an action or omission which constitutes offence and is punishable by law'. A crime can be anything from shoplifting to murder. Each offence h as its own definition in the court system. This is a simple definition and will be used in this paper to refer to generic crimes. Crime and General Mental Disorders The challenge for both of these definitions is the fact that everything about them is dependent on the circumstances in each situation. Many people believe that a defence that states that an individual who has a mental disorder should be excused for committing a crime because at the time of the crime, they had a mental breakdown due to a mental disorder. However, the empirical evidence does not support this idea. Sirotich (2008) reviewed several studies about crime and violence to see whether there is a correlation with mental illness. He found that most of the literature suggests that the best

Napoleon Exiled to Elba Essay Example for Free

Napoleon Exiled to Elba Essay * 1812 Napoleon launches an invasion against the Russians * 1814, Napoleon forces surrendered and he offered to step down in favor of his son * His offer was rejected and he signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, he agreed to abdicate in exchange for which he was given the tiny Kingdom of Ebla, a small island in the Mediterranean Sea * May 3, 1814 Napoleon arrives on the island of Elba   He brought ambitious plans to reform government and a personal escorts of 1000 men, and a household of staff * An island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km off the Tuscan coast * Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried since a near-capture by Russians on the retreat from Moscow however, its potency had weakened with age, and he survived to be exiled while his wife and son took refuge in Austria * Evening of February 26 , 1815 Napoleon takes advantage of temporary absence of the English custodian, Colonel Campbell * Under the cover of night, he silently slipped away with a from the island and returned to the mainland * He traveled through areas where he knew he had support and about 500,000 volunteers joined him * Escapes with a small army and headed to Paris, proclaimed the renewal of his empire * The French may have found Louis XVIII reasonable, however, they feared the royalists and clergy who were attacking the reforms that had come into effect since 1789 * Also the magic of Napoleon’s name and the glory of his rule been forgotten Battle of Waterloo   Return of Napoleon united the powers at Vienna, and agreed to raise and army under the Duke of Wellington * June 8, 1815 near the town of Waterloo, Belgium the 100 days campaign starts * June 8, 1815 near the town of Waterloo, Belgium 100 days campaign starts * June 18, 1815 Duke of Wellington occupied the ridge of Mont St. Jean (south of Waterloo) and Napoleon was at La Belle Alliance across the valley * Duke of Wellington had inexperienced infantry, cavalry and had 156 cannon and standard gun for infantry * Napoleon built his army on short notice with veterans, peasants and conscripts * The French army under fire from the garrisons at LA Haye Sainte and despite heavy casualties at 11:30am the French launched diversionary attack on Hougoumont * An allied line that hid behind the ridge

Sustainable Development Policies Can Reduce Urbanization Problems Essay

Cities all over the world are developing. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and can be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know what is the reason for urbanization. Most people move to the city because they want to get a better life. Another important term is a sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as â€Å"Agenda 21† principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing prob lems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems. A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from around 400 millions people in 1950 to around 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double from ... ... high rise public housing, and control population growth, being implemented together should be sufficient enough to solve the housing problem brought by urbanization. In conclusion, increasing urbanization trend in the world has given rise to traffic jams and housing problems. These problems can be solved by sustainable development policies such as public transport investment, traffic management system, car control, develop new towns, build high rise public housing, and population growth control. As a result, most of the problems are solved, manageable or minimized. Although some solutions are considered better than others, having integrated solutions may have a more effective way to solve the problems. Future generations will suffer if the government did not implement the policies. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to implement them as soon as possible.

Impact of Computers on Children :: Exploratory Essays

Impact of Computers on Children Children growing up in this generation are experiencing a greater impact from computers than in the past. In the past, children and adult, could make a life without a computer, as it wasn’t a necessity or found to be all that useful from time to time. A higher level of dependency on these computers has been established, and society only has more to come in the future. The technology that comes with these complex machines is becoming more developed and is making everyday tasks simpler for most. Computers have changed our nation in many ways, from the way we operate to the accessibility of worldwide resources such as the Internet we use frequently today. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fluctuation of the influence of computers on a child’s education in their early years, as it has been in the past, how it is in the present, and how it might be in the future. First of all, the computer’s role in society has increased significantly throughout recent years. In the past, a computer was mostly used for minor tasks, such as typing a paper or playing a game for leisure. A child could rarely be found sitting in front of a monitor screen, and they usually didn’t even know how to operate the machine. Software games were on the market, but were not very popular for purchase. Usually the more developed households and higher-class families were the ones that contained a computer at home, but mostly adults were found to be the users. Many families found it easy to do without one, as they were mostly used for typing, and typewriters or handwriting took their place. In the past, computers went without the Internet, were extremely slow, and weren’t capable of much of anything.

Louis Vuitton Case

Louis Vuitton : New product introductions vs. product availability Introduction Louis Vuitton is a part of the Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy Group. Being the core business, Louis Vuitton is the most famous brand not only in the group, but also in the fashion industry. It is well-known for its quality and design. Most of the Louis Vuitton consumers are wealthy people, who expect premium products regardless to the price. Considering this fact, Louis Vuitton may implement a strategy, which ensures availability of the products at any time and provide the clients with the best possible customer service.In the past, Louis Vuitton faced the out-of-stock problem and it has not been solved yet. As a consequence, the company loses not only sales but also reduces its reputation. Managers realized that consumers’ satisfaction is one of the most important aspects for a company in order to continue being successful, gain high profits and reputation. The source of the out-of stock problem in L ouis Vuitton causes some disagreements between the company’s vice president for marketing and sales and the vice president for manufacturing and logistics.The first one states his opinion that the lack of flexibility and responsiveness is the base of the problem, while the second one blames the recent increase in new product introductions and the poor forec asting of demand. We will investigate these different problems and how Louis Vuitton can solve them by aligning the manufacturing process and marketing activities in the most efficient way. Supply Chain Strategy Consumers of luxury products have high expectations regarding the products? quality and design. Furthermore, the consumers want to be provided with a omplete shopping experience, when they purchase a Louis Vuitton handbag for 3 000 Euros or a pair of Louis Vuitton shoes for 1 000 Euros. An essential part of this shopping experience is the product itself. Therefore, Louis Vuitton? s supply chain has to be set up in making demanded products available, wherever and whenever they are demanded by a consumer. Unfortunately, Louis Vuitton is able to have around 98% of all demanded products from classic product lines available at their store . But if consumers request a product of one of Louis Vuitton? fashion lines, which are newly and less frequently introduced product lines, the rate of available products decreases roughly to 80%. Louis Vuitton products are bought due to the quality of the goods. Thanks to online stores, consumers use to easily purchase a desired good on the Internet. On the one hand, it saves consumer’s time; on the other hand, the probability of a potential out-of-stock problem is reduced, because o nce the purchase is realized, the company is able to react in a several ways to deliver the product.It can send the product from a store or from different warehouses, depending on where the consumer is located and where the item is available at that time. Moreover, Louis Vuitt on could improve its capacity strategy. Managers have to decide how to organize manufacturing in the most efficient way that a maximum number of units are produced for a time period. Currently, employees working for Louis Vuitton are divided into groups and each group is able to produce 120 hand bags per day.However, considering the out-of-stock problem, one can assume that it is not the sufficient quantity to meet the demand and a solution has to be found. In order to increase the capacity, Louis Vuitton has to increase the labor force. In that way, Louis Vuitton will be able to increase its manufacturing capacity and potentially solve the out-of-stock problem. Inventory Strategy Louis Vuitton has to decide whether to reduce the inventory in order to avoid additional costs induced by required inventory space in the stores or to increase the availability of demanded products.Undeniably, inventory must be as close to the stores as possible. This implies that if a certain product is o ut-of-stock it can be quickly delivered and satisfies consumer wants. Moreover, inventories should be kept in regional warehouses and that would also help Louis Vuitton to react in the most flexible way t o fluctuations in demand. For instance, if the store in Tokyo is out -of-stock, it would be easier to report about the problem to the nearest warehouse rather than to the main one in France. It will result in shortening the lead time. As a consequence, Louis Vuitton has to be constantly aware of the stock level.This can be achieved by the introduction of a continuous review system, which is used to manage independent demand of inventory and monitors the inventory level of any item constantly to release reorders, when the reorder point is reached. Thus, the company will be able to solve the problem once a higher than expected demand is realized. The most efficient strategy for Louis Vuitton should be larger inventories in the regional warehouses at higher prices. Sourcing Decisions Louis Vuitton is well known for being creative, innovative and looking for the excellence.Since Louis Vuitton was established in 1854, the core competencies of the company have always been des ign and quality, they perfectly correspond to the aim of Louis Vuitton to be one of the market leaders in the fashion industry. On the one hand, the classical collections have not been changed for years, and therefore being a symbol of elegance and prestige. On the other hand, fashion and collections constantly change in order to be modern. Quality is the second core competence the company uses to be one of the best brands in the industry.To provide the customers with the best, Louis Vuitton uses high quality raw materials, which is the first step to a qualified final product. Furthermore, employees involved in the manufacturing process do 80% of their task manually. It is more costly and time consuming, but is highly valued by the consumers. Considering these facts, Louis Vuitton needs to mak e the right sourcing decisions. First, the company should keep the designing and manufacturing activities sourced in, because these activities are the most important regarding Lou is Vuitton? creation of value. Second, I think distribution activities can be sourced out. The company should use firms, such as TNT, DHL, UPS, etc†¦ Louis Vuitton can choose among a variety of distributors in each country and select the most reliable one, which provides good delivery and service for a given price level. Warehouses are another part of the supply chain which can be sourced out. Renting a warehouse implies a smaller investment for Louis Vuitton and enables them to be more flexible.The out-of-stock problem that Louis Vuitton is facing can be solved by placing warehouses in regions with high population. Moreover, according to the fact that the company requires high quality raw materials, but not all of the existing suppliers offer sufficient qua lity; one possible solution is the implemen tation of the single sourcing. This means that Louis Vuitton depends on only one firm for all items needed for producing their leather goods. However, this can be extremely risky, because of the probability of un expected situations such workers’ strike.Another solution may be the multiple sourcing strategy. This implies that Louis Vuitton relies on many suppliers, but the associated risk with this type of strategy is that many firms become familiar with the core competencies of Louis Vuitton and it is possible to use these competencies for their own businesses. Finally, the most suitable sourcing strategy in the case of Louis Vuitton seems to be the dual sourcing strategy. It means that Louis Vuitton uses two suppliers, which serve the needs of the firm proportionally.Both of them are willing to have the leader position on behalf of higher revenues. This situation is advantageous for Louis Vuitton, because it can assure that because of the competition between the suppliers, they will be always supplie d with premium quality raw materials on a particular pric e level. Logistics One of the main aspects of the logistics system is the distribution. Most companies aim at minimizing their distribution costs and Louis Vuitton is not an exception. This is the reason why the company uses the multimodal solution.Therefore, Louis Vuitton combines transpor tation by sea, air and road. The advantage of cargo ships is that they can transfer big quantities on long distances. Moreover, Louis Vuitton operates in different continents and thus it is of great importance to ship in a cost effective way. The water transport provides efficient services at low prices. However, in specific situations such as rush orders, it is more rational to use airfreight. It can increase the costs but it guarantees that the company avoids the out-of-stock problem and satisfies customers? and consumers? wants.The distribution system, on its side, has a great impact on the location of wareho uses. For instance, the main centralized logistics warehouse in Cergy Pontoise is located near Paris, in France. The capital of France facilitates t he headquarters of Louis Vuitton as well as it is a city with high demand in fashion products. These are maybe some of the reasons why Louis Vuitton chose to situate its central distribution center. But, shipping from France to other countries may imply long customer lead time, which is the required time between the customer’s order and the delivery of this product.To shorten it Louis Vuitton could benefit from spot stock warehousing. Shortening the lead time is one of the most important aims of the companies, because of the fact that goods are available in the stores just at the time consumers demand them. One way for Louis Vuitton doing that is to decrease the overproduction of goods with lower demand. The second possible solution is the implementation of more frequent shipments of smaller quantities. This could be more effecti ve in combination with an improved forecasting system.It has the potential to reduce costs by not keeping fewer goods in stock, which are not highly demanded. Moreover, to avoid the out-of-stock problem, Louis Vuitton should interact and understand the preferences of the consumer. Louis Vuitton could do it via tracking the last purchases. In this way the company can recognize if a certain customer is willing to buy goods from the classical or from the modern collections. And Louis Vuitton can progressively improve its forecasting activities in order to know which collections have to be produced and which inventory has to be increased.Conclusion To improve the alignment between manufacturing and marketing, Louis Vuitton has to consider several factors. First, giving the present out-of-stock problem combined with the expected growth rates, the company has to increase their manufacturing capacity, based on the expected growth rate for the overall industry and for the different regions as well. In order to achieve that, they should add more labor force. More groups of workers will lead to increased production and therefore increased inventory in the warehouses.This would result in greater availability of products in retail stores and solve the out-of-stock problem. In addition, larger inventory of product enables Louis Vuitton to be responsive to increasing demand in peak times as well as providing the opportunity to focus on the production of newly introduced products and the satisfactions of its demand. Furthermore, Louis Vuitton should consider decreasing the introduction of new fashion lines in order to avoid disruptions of manufacturing and su pply chain activities caused by changes in the manufacturing process due to newly introduced products.Second, by improving the forecasting tools, Louis Vuitton should be more accurate in estimating the future demand for specific products. Moreover, Louis Vuitton should forecast more often and for shorter time periods. L ouis Vuitton should continue to insource the leather good production and use the dual sourcing strategy for purchasing raw materials. Finally, the group should introduce marketing tools in order to interact more with the consumers and to forecast the demand.

Ibn Battuta and Mali Essay Example

Ibn Battuta and Mali Essay Example Ibn Battuta and Mali Essay Ibn Battuta and Mali Essay Mali tradition was full with ceremonials that highlighted gracious gift-giving. particular respect to their leaders and changeless congratulations of God that were indispensable and important parts of their political relations and civilization. Upon reaching in Mali. Ibn Battuta was met by his host along with prominent residents which included the qadi and a tribunal translator. Dugha. They brought with them hospitality gifts. Battuta felt most welcomed and by manner of thanks asked for God to honor them for their kindness. Their best dish was served Battuta. He was to run into the grand Turk. following. who gave a munificent banquet to honour Battuta’s late grand Turk of Morocco. After the supplications he was presented to the grand Turk who greeted him with Give thanks to God and his answer was Praise be to God. He received a cordial reception gift from the grand Turk which included robes of award. money. 3 bars of staff of life. a piece of beef fried in native oil. and a calabash of rancid curds. There was gaudery and pageantry when the sultan held audience at the courtyard. The people obeyed his every word and gave him their full attending when he spoke. Dugha was given his bend to demo his art with the blades. The grand Turk gifted him with a bag incorporating 200 withqals of gold dust. The commanding officers took their bends of gift-giving to Dugha. After his exhibition. it was the sultan’s bend to be exalted in verse forms. The people began with The pompi which you occupy †¦ followed by a recitation of his baronial workss. which they said memories [ of ] will outlast you. Once the grand Turk was visited by negro man-eaters in the company of one of their emirs. The grand Turk by usage received them with honor along with a negress retainer as cordial reception gift. They devoured the retainer and left after they gave thanks to the grand Turk. At the terminal of his travels. Battuta came to see the Commander of the Faithful which he wished that May God strengthen him when Battuta kissed his manus in salutation. Reference Battuta. I. ( 1929 ) . Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. tr. and ed. H. A. R. Gibb. London: Broadway House.

Best Unsecured Credit Cards for People With Bad Credit

Best Unsecured Credit Cards for People With Bad Credit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Having a poor credit score can feel like you’re caught in a catch-22. You need a credit card to improve your score, but it’s hard to get a credit card without a good score. Luckily, there are credits cards available for people with poor credit. Once you get one of these cards, you can use it to build your credit score over time. This guide will give you recommendations for the best credit cards for people with bad credit, along with some tips on how to apply. Click here to go straight to the credit card recommendations, or first, read on to learn what makes a bad credit score and why it matters. What Is Bad Credit? Credit scores range from 300 to 850. Your score is based on a number of factors, including your credit history, payment history, outstanding debt, and account inquiries from lenders, like credit card companies or banks. Defaulting on loans or closing a credit card that still has a balance on it are two actions that could seriously damage your credit score. You might also have a low score if you’re new to the world of credit and have never had a credit card before. Credit scores below 630 are considered to be very low. Scores between 630 and 700 are fair and between 700 and 800 are strong. Any scores above 800 are excellent. To find out your score, you simply need to set up a free account with Credit Karma. You can also request a comprehensive credit report from one of the three major credit bureaus, TransUnion, Equifax, or Experian. You can get one free report each year by requesting it from annualcreditreport.com. Any additional reports cost $9.95. Your credit score matters big time when you apply for any kind of credit card or loan. Why is it so important? Maybe we shouldn't call a credit score under 630 "bad." Rather, it's a work in progress! Why Does Your Credit Score Matter? Credit scores are a key factor when a credit card company or bank is evaluating your application for a credit card or loan. Lenders consider your past financial behavior to be an indication of your future behavior. They seek to reduce risk, so they only want to lend you money if they feel assured that you can eventually pay it back. The better your credit score is, the higher your credit line will be. You’ll also be eligible for more attractive credit cards that have low fees or rewards, like cash back or travel points. With a low credit score, your application for most travel rewards cards would be rejected outright. However, people will low scores can still qualify for certain credit cards and then use the card to build up their credit over time. With a low score, you may qualify for a secured or unsecured credit card. Lenders look at your credit score when deciding whether to give you a loan. They aren't big risk-takers. What Kind of Credit Card Can You Get With Bad Credit? Secured Vs. Unsecured If your credit score is the lowest of the low, then you’ll probably only be able to get what’s called a secured credit card. Secured credit cards require a deposit up front. Some of them act as prepaid debit cards. You load them up with a certain amount of money at the beginning of the month and then spend that money where the card is accepted. Secured credit cards have low limits and require up-front cash-loading or deposit. If you can qualify for a regular, unsecured card with bad credit, then you should skip this initial step of getting a secured card, unless you really need to set low, strict spending limits on yourself or can't afford an annual fee. Unsecured credit cards are just like any other credit card. They typically start with a line of credit of about $300 per month. As you build your credit over time, your monthly line of credit will increase. Unfortunately, you won’t get a credit card with the most appealing terms if you have poor credit. The unsecured cards recommended below have the best policies available and can help you build your credit into the fair or good zone. Read on for the top recommendations for the best unsecured credit cards for poor credit. Secured credit cards are useful if you need to set strict limits on your spending. 5 Best Unsecured Credit Cards for People with Bad Credit in 2016 The five cards recommended below are the best unsecured credit cards for people with bad credit available. Each card lets you fill out a quick and easy form online to see if you prequalify. The top five cards are the following: Credit One Bank Unsecured Visa* Indigo Platinum Mastercard Milestone Gold Mastercard Total VISA Unsecured Card Platinum One Credit Card (for average credit) *The Credit One Bank Visa stands out as the best overall unsecured credit card, because it gives you some rewards and may increase your line of credit after five months of on-time payments. The remaining credit cards for poor credit offer more or less equal benefits, so you should shop around to see where you prequalify. Let’s take a closer look at the terms of each unsecured credit card. Credit One Bank Unsecured Visa Credit Card The Credit One Visa is a rare card available to people with poor credit that gives rewards. With this card, you can earn 1% cash back on gas and groceries. The card has an annual fee of $0 to $75 the first year and $0 to $99 annually after that, depending on your credit score and income. You may be able to pay this fee back monthly, rather than as one lump sum at the end of the year. The card offers a monthly credit score tracking service so you can keep track of your progress toward a stronger credit score. It comes with a rather high variable interest rate of 15.65% to 24.15%, but the interest rate shouldn’t really matter. To build your credit and avoid debt, you should never carry a balance over on your credit card from one month to the next. Always pay off your full balance every month to avoid penalty and steep interest charges. A typical beginning line of credit for someone with a low credit score is $300. This might increase after five or more months of on-time payments. After five months of on-time payments, Credit One should increase your credit line. Pro tip: count your months by the Gregorian calendar, not the Mayan one. Indigo Platinum Mastercard The Indigo Platinum Mastercard is an increasingly popular card that’s available to people with a range of credit scores. Like the Credit One card, the Indigo card offers online account access and has an easy pre-qualification process online. A typical starting line of credit is $300, and the card has an annual fee of $0 to $99. The APR is fixed at 23.9%. Unlike the Credit One card, the Indigo card doesn’t offer any rewards back on your purchases. Milestone Gold Mastercard The Milestone Gold card similarly has a fixed APR of 23.9% and a typical starting line of credit of $300. The annual fee falls between $35 and $99. Total VISA Unsecured Credit Card The Total VISA has the highest APR of 29.99%. It has a fee of $75 for the first year and $48 annually after that. Like the other unsecured credit cards for low credit, the typical starting line of credit is $300. Capital One Platinum Card If your credit has started to climb out of the red zone and surpassed 600, then you might qualify for the Capital One Platinum card. This card is available for people with a credit score of 600 or higher. It has no annual fee, 24.99% APR, and fraud coverage. A typical starting credit limit falls between $200 and $500, and this can increase after five or so months of on time monthly payments. Now that you have a sense of the best unsecured credit cards, what do you do next? How do you apply for one of these cards? Even with bad credit, you have options for credit cards! How to Apply for an Unsecured Credit Card You can easily apply for a credit card online. First, head to the company’s website and go through its quick pre-qualification process. While this survey isn’t the be-all and end-all word on whether or not you qualify, it gives you an idea of your eligibility based on your income level. You’ll enter your personal information, including your salary and social security number. Going through this pre-qualification check, by the way, won’t hurt your credit score. Your credit score will only be affected when the company runs a hard check to see whether you officially qualify and you open an account. If you prequalify, then you’ll go through the full process of applying for the card. Only fill out a full application for one card, so as not to hurt your credit score. Once you apply and are approved, your card will be mailed out to you within one to two weeks. If your credit score and salary are too low, and you find yourself ineligible for any of the above cards, then you do have one more option - getting a secured credit card. Easy online pre-qualification forms give you a sense of whether or not you'll be approved a credit card. What If You Don’t Qualify? If you don’t qualify for an unsecured credit card with bad credit, then you should look into secured credit cards. As mentioned above, secured cards require a deposit up front, or they ask you to prepay and then spend the money that’s already loaded onto your card. While they’re a little different from other cards, secured credit cards will help you build credit until you’re able to get a regular, unsecured card. These are some of the best secured credit cards: Discover It Secured Card Capital One Secured Mastercard Secured Visa from Merrick Bank USAA Secured Card American Express If you want to set strict limits on your spending with a prepaid debit card, then look into the secured cards from Bluebird or American Express Serve. Once you get your credit card, how can you use it in the best way to build your credit? How to Use Your Credit Card and Build Credit Building and maintaining good credit isn’t about avoiding a credit card; it’s about using one well. Using a card well requires you to follow one rule of thumb: never carry a balance on your card from month to month. Don’t expect that you’ll have more to spend next month than you do this month. Only buy what you can pay off in cash immediately on the card, and make sure to pay off your full balance by each payment due date. As you read above, on-time payments will help you build credit, and your credit card company may offer you a bigger line of credit as time goes on. How can you be sure that you’re staying within your budget? This kind of awareness comes from developing a budget and keeping track of your daily and monthly spending. There are several apps, like YNAB and Mint, that are useful for helping you keep track and gain control of your personal finances. In closing, let’s go over the key points you should remember about the unsecured credit cards that are available to people with poor credit. Rome wasn't built in a day! With enough time and effort, you can build your credit score into the good or excellent range. Unsecured Credit Cards for Bad Credit - Final Thoughts If you have bad credit, you aren’t going to be eligible for a $10,000 line of credit and 2% cash back on all your purchases. However, you may become eligible eventually by first getting one of the secured or unsecured credit cards that are on offer to people with low credit card. Unsecured cards typically have an annual fee and start with a line of credit of around $300 a month. By making on-time payments month after month, you’ll see your credit score go up and may eventually qualify for a larger line of credit. If you don’t already, make sure to check your credit score and understand where it comes from. Then, you can come up with a plan to take control of your personal finances and build your credit score into the fair, good, or even excellent range. By shoring up your credit score with one of the best credit cards for bad credit, you’ll put yourself in a much better financial position for future credit card, loan, or mortgage applications. What’s Next? Is your credit score high enough that you could qualify for other credit cards? Check out this guide to find the best credit card for you based on your personal spending habits. Do you feel like your spending has gotten out of control? This guide will help you reign it back in with seven steps to taking control of your personal finances. Would you like to start saving money for a big purchase or perhaps a retirement account? This comprehensive list has 100 different ways for you to start saving money today.